1. 前言
本篇博文將介紹如何實現在 BootLoader 中燒寫代碼數據到 Flash 的指定位置,並跳轉到代碼位置運行,正常實現升級的方式是通過各種通信接口如:UART、CAN、USB、Ethernet...,通信接口把需要升級的代碼傳送給 BootLoader,BootLoader 寫代碼數據到 Flash 並跳轉到代碼位置執行。
博文將不使用通信接口獲取數據,而是把需要燒錄到 Flash 的數據放到 Flash 當中,在 BootLoader 中把 Flash 數據讀取到 RAM 當中,通過 FlexSPI 把 RAM 中的數據寫到 Flash 的指定位置。
2. BootLoader與 APP 的配置
2.1 存儲方案
- Flash 起始地址為 0x60000000 大小為 0x00010000 即 64KB,其中放置用於實現 SecondBootLoader 的代碼和數據。
- APP1 放在 SecondBootLoader 後面,大小為 128KB。
- APP2 放在 APP1 後面,大小為 128KB。
- Database 放在 APP2 後面,大小 192KB,存放用戶數據。
2.1 程序地址的分散加載修改
- 在 SecondBootLoader 的 scf 文件中修改:
#define m_flash_config_start 0x60000000
#define m_flash_config_size 0x00001000
#define m_ivt_start 0x60001000
#define m_ivt_size 0x00001000
#define m_interrupts_start 0x60002000
#define m_interrupts_size 0x00000400
#define m_text_start 0x60002400
#define m_text_size 0x0000DBFF
- 在 APP1 的 scf 文件中修改:
#define m_flash_config_start 0x60010000
#define m_flash_config_size 0x00001000
#define m_ivt_start 0x60011000
#define m_ivt_size 0x00001000
#define m_interrupts_start 0x60012000
#define m_interrupts_size 0x00000400
#define m_text_start 0x60012400
#define m_text_size 0x0001DBFF
- 在 APP2 的 scf 文件中修改:
#define m_flash_config_start 0x60030000
#define m_flash_config_size 0x00001000
#define m_ivt_start 0x60031000
#define m_ivt_size 0x00001000
#define m_interrupts_start 0x60032000
#define m_interrupts_size 0x00000400
#define m_text_start 0x60032400
#define m_text_size 0x0001DBFF
3. 把數組數據放到指定的 Flash 自定義 section 中
數組定義與聲明:
- 對把數組需要放到的 section 進行 __attribute__ 修飾;
#define LOCATION_EXTFLASH_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__ ((section ("Myapp"))) __attribute__ ((aligned(4)))
const unsigned char _aclwip_ping_bm[0x12880] LOCATION_EXTFLASH_ATTRIBUTE = {
0, 0, 0,
};
- 這裡把數據放到了 APP2 的位置,實際的升級不會把升級數據預先放到 Flash 中,這裡只是對程序燒寫做測試,修改 scf 文件:
- 自定義 block,定義 block 的起始和結束地址。
- 加載 block 段,在其中聲明數據放到的 section 段 *.o(Myapp)。
;Define new block m_text_data, place it at the beginning of the scf file
#define m_text_data_start 0x60030000
#define m_text_data_size 0x00013000
;Place at the end of the scf file, as a new block of m_text_data
LR_m_data_text m_text_data_start m_text_data_size{
ER_m_data_text m_text_data_start FIXED m_text_data_size { ; load address = execution address
*.o(Myapp)
}
}
4. 加入 FlexSPI 操作函數
添加 flexspi 操作函數文件到工程中。
圖 1. 加入 FlexSPI 驅動文件
在主函數所在文件中添加:
FlexSPI 操作用到的頭文件:
#include "fsl_flexspi.h"
#include "app.h"
#include "fsl_cache.h"
FlexSPI 操作用到的函數和數據:
對於 W25Q64JVSIQ 這個 8M 的 Flash,要根據晶片的數據手冊修改參數
- 修改 flexspi_nor_enable_quad_mode 函數
通過修改 writeValue 為 0x200,可以使能把寄存器中的QE(Quad Enable)位置為1,由於 0x200 為 2Byte數據,還需要設置 flashXfer.dataSize 為 2。
圖 2. 修改 QE 位
需要修改的內容如下:
- uint32_t writeValue = 0x0200; //FLASH_QUAD_ENABLE;
- flashXfer.dataSize = 2; //1
flexspi_nor_enable_quad_mode 修改後如下:
status_t flexspi_nor_enable_quad_mode(FLEXSPI_Type *base)
{
flexspi_transfer_t flashXfer;
status_t status;
uint32_t writeValue = 0x0200; //FLASH_QUAD_ENABLE;
#if defined(CACHE_MAINTAIN) && CACHE_MAINTAIN
flexspi_cache_status_t cacheStatus;
flexspi_nor_disable_cache(&cacheStatus);
#endif
/* Write enable */
status = flexspi_nor_write_enable(base, 0);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
return status;
}
/* Enable quad mode. */
flashXfer.deviceAddress = 0;
flashXfer.port = FLASH_PORT;
flashXfer.cmdType = kFLEXSPI_Write;
flashXfer.SeqNumber = 1;
flashXfer.seqIndex = NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_WRITESTATUSREG;
flashXfer.data = &writeValue;
flashXfer.dataSize = 2; //1
status = FLEXSPI_TransferBlocking(base, &flashXfer);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
return status;
}
status = flexspi_nor_wait_bus_busy(base);
/* Do software reset. */
FLEXSPI_SoftwareReset(base);
#if defined(CACHE_MAINTAIN) && CACHE_MAINTAIN
flexspi_nor_enable_cache(cacheStatus);
#endif
return status;
}
- 對於擦除操作,最小單位為一個 Sector (4KB),修改 LUT 0xD7 為 0x20(4KB),或 0x52 (32KB) 或 0xD8(64KB),參考 https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-RT/RT1050-QSPI-flash-change-to-Winbond-W25Q32JV-3-3V/m-p/904534
數據手冊的命令表如下:
圖 3. Sector Erase 命令
數據手冊中完整的表格如下:
圖 4. QSPI Flash 命令表
在主函數所在文件中添加如下代碼:
/************************************************FlexSPI********************************************************************/
//add FlexSPI Functions
/* Program data buffer should be 4-bytes alignment, which can avoid busfault due to this memory region is configured as
Device Memory by MPU. */
SDK_ALIGN(static uint8_t s_nor_program_buffer[256], 4);
static uint8_t s_nor_read_buffer[256];
extern status_t flexspi_nor_flash_erase_sector(FLEXSPI_Type *base, uint32_t address);
extern status_t flexspi_nor_flash_page_program(FLEXSPI_Type *base, uint32_t dstAddr, const uint32_t *src);
extern status_t flexspi_nor_get_vendor_id(FLEXSPI_Type *base, uint8_t *vendorId);
extern status_t flexspi_nor_enable_quad_mode(FLEXSPI_Type *base);
extern status_t flexspi_nor_erase_chip(FLEXSPI_Type *base);
extern void flexspi_nor_flash_init(FLEXSPI_Type *base);
/*******************************************************************************
* Code
******************************************************************************/
flexspi_device_config_t deviceconfig = {
.flexspiRootClk = 133000000,
.flashSize = FLASH_SIZE,
.CSIntervalUnit = kFLEXSPI_CsIntervalUnit1SckCycle,
.CSInterval = 2,
.CSHoldTime = 3,
.CSSetupTime = 3,
.dataValidTime = 0,
.columnspace = 0,
.enableWordAddress = 0,
.AWRSeqIndex = 0,
.AWRSeqNumber = 0,
.ARDSeqIndex = NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_FAST_QUAD,
.ARDSeqNumber = 1,
.AHBWriteWaitUnit = kFLEXSPI_AhbWriteWaitUnit2AhbCycle,
.AHBWriteWaitInterval = 0,
};
const uint32_t customLUT[CUSTOM_LUT_LENGTH] = {
/* Normal read mode -SDR */
/* Normal read mode -SDR */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_NORMAL] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x03, kFLEXSPI_Command_RADDR_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x18),
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_NORMAL + 1] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_READ_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
/* Fast read mode - SDR */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_FAST] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x0B, kFLEXSPI_Command_RADDR_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x18),
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_FAST + 1] = FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(
kFLEXSPI_Command_DUMMY_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x08, kFLEXSPI_Command_READ_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04),
/* Fast read quad mode - SDR */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_FAST_QUAD] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0xEB, kFLEXSPI_Command_RADDR_SDR, kFLEXSPI_4PAD, 0x18),
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READ_FAST_QUAD + 1] = FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(
kFLEXSPI_Command_DUMMY_SDR, kFLEXSPI_4PAD, 0x06, kFLEXSPI_Command_READ_SDR, kFLEXSPI_4PAD, 0x04),
/* Read extend parameters */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READSTATUS] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x81, kFLEXSPI_Command_READ_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04),
/* Write Enable */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_WRITEENABLE] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x06, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
/* Erase Sector */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_ERASESECTOR] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x20, kFLEXSPI_Command_RADDR_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x18),
/* Page Program - single mode */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_PAGEPROGRAM_SINGLE] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x02, kFLEXSPI_Command_RADDR_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x18),
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_PAGEPROGRAM_SINGLE + 1] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_WRITE_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
/* Page Program - quad mode */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_PAGEPROGRAM_QUAD] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x32, kFLEXSPI_Command_RADDR_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x18),
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_PAGEPROGRAM_QUAD + 1] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_WRITE_SDR, kFLEXSPI_4PAD, 0x04, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
/* Read ID */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READID] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x9F, kFLEXSPI_Command_READ_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04),
/* Enable Quad mode */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_WRITESTATUSREG] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x01, kFLEXSPI_Command_WRITE_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04),
/* Enter QPI mode */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_ENTERQPI] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x35, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
/* Exit QPI mode */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_EXITQPI] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_4PAD, 0xF5, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
/* Read status register */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_READSTATUSREG] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x05, kFLEXSPI_Command_READ_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0x04),
/* Erase whole chip */
[4 * NOR_CMD_LUT_SEQ_IDX_ERASECHIP] =
FLEXSPI_LUT_SEQ(kFLEXSPI_Command_SDR, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0xC7, kFLEXSPI_Command_STOP, kFLEXSPI_1PAD, 0),
};
/************************************************FlexSPI********************************************************************/
uint8_t flespi_test()
{
/************************************************FlexSPI********************************************************************/
uint32_t i = 0;
status_t status;
uint8_t vendorID = 0;
flexspi_nor_flash_init(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI);
PRINTF("\r\nFLEXSPI example1 started!\r\n");
/* Get vendor ID. */
status = flexspi_nor_get_vendor_id(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI, &vendorID);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
return status;
}
PRINTF("Vendor ID: 0x%x\r\n", vendorID);
PRINTF("Enter quad mode 1\n");
/* Enter quad mode. */
status = flexspi_nor_enable_quad_mode(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
return status;
}
PRINTF("Enter quad mode 2\n");
for(int i = 0; i<= sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/SECTOR_SIZE; i++)
{
/* Erase sectors. */
PRINTF("Erasing Serial NOR over FlexSPI...\r\n");
status = flexspi_nor_flash_erase_sector(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI, APP_BASE_ADDRESS + SECTOR_SIZE * i);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
PRINTF("Erase sector failure !\r\n");
return -1;
}
}
for(int j = 0; j<= sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/FLASH_PAGE_SIZE; j++)
{
if(j>sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/256-1)
{
memset(s_nor_program_buffer, 0xFFU, sizeof(s_nor_program_buffer));
DCACHE_InvalidateByRange(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI_AMBA_BASE + APP_BASE_ADDRESS + FLASH_PAGE_SIZE * j, FLASH_PAGE_SIZE);
memcpy(s_nor_program_buffer, &_aclwip_ping_bm[(j)*256], sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)%256);
}
else
{
DCACHE_InvalidateByRange(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI_AMBA_BASE + APP_BASE_ADDRESS + FLASH_PAGE_SIZE * j, FLASH_PAGE_SIZE);
memcpy(s_nor_program_buffer, &_aclwip_ping_bm[(j)*256], sizeof(s_nor_program_buffer));
}
status = flexspi_nor_flash_page_program(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI, APP_BASE_ADDRESS + FLASH_PAGE_SIZE*(j), (void *)s_nor_program_buffer);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
PRINTF("Page program failure !\r\n");
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/************************************************FlexSPI********************************************************************/
對於 flespi_test 函數,其流程如下:
- flexspi_nor_flash_init 初始化 flexspi 外設;
- flexspi_nor_get_vendor_id 獲取 flash 的 vedor id;
- flexspi_nor_enable_quad_mode 使能 qspi 的 quad mode;
- 使用 for 循環擦除 sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/SECTOR_SIZE 個 sector size 的 flash 內容,即擦除數組要燒入到的地址範圍。
for(int i = 0; i<= sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/SECTOR_SIZE; i++)
{
/* Erase sectors. */
PRINTF("Erasing Serial NOR over FlexSPI...\r\n");
status = flexspi_nor_flash_erase_sector(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI, APP_BASE_ADDRESS + SECTOR_SIZE * i);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
PRINTF("Erase sector failure !\r\n");
return -1;
}
}
- 使用 for 循環寫入sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/FLASH_PAGE_SIZE 個 page size 的 flash 內容,一個 page size 的大小為 FLASH_PAGE_SIZE(256Bytes) 即寫入數組要燒入到的地址範圍。
這裡會有一個問題:如果代碼的大小不是 256Bytes,需要如何處理?
這裡通過對數組的最後 256Bytes 做處理:
- 對最後的 256Bytes 的數據先把要寫入的在 RAM 的 256 大小的數組 s_nor_program_buffer 通過 memset 清除為全 0xFF;
- 得到數組的最後一個 256Bytes 空間中的數據,通過 memcpy 將數據寫入 s_nor_program_buffer 數組中。
for(int j = 0; j<= sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/FLASH_PAGE_SIZE; j++)
{
if(j>sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)/256-1)
{
memset(s_nor_program_buffer, 0xFFU, sizeof(s_nor_program_buffer));
DCACHE_InvalidateByRange(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI_AMBA_BASE + APP_BASE_ADDRESS + FLASH_PAGE_SIZE * j, FLASH_PAGE_SIZE);
memcpy(s_nor_program_buffer, &_aclwip_ping_bm[(j)*256], sizeof(_aclwip_ping_bm)%256);
}
else
{
DCACHE_InvalidateByRange(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI_AMBA_BASE + APP_BASE_ADDRESS + FLASH_PAGE_SIZE * j, FLASH_PAGE_SIZE);
memcpy(s_nor_program_buffer, &_aclwip_ping_bm[(j)*256], sizeof(s_nor_program_buffer));
}
status =
flexspi_nor_flash_page_program(EXAMPLE_FLEXSPI, APP_BASE_ADDRESS + FLASH_PAGE_SIZE*(j), (void *)s_nor_program_buffer);
if (status != kStatus_Success)
{
PRINTF("Page program failure !\r\n");
return -1;
}
}
5. 編寫 jump_to_application 函數實現程序跳轉
這裡要區分兩種情況:
第一種情況:APP 編譯時設置宏定義 XIP_BOOT_HEADER_ENABLE=0,編譯出不包含 FDCB Flash 頭的代碼,此時編譯出的代碼不包含 flash_config 和 ivt 段,如下圖,程序的中斷向量表是放到 0x60002000 的位置的。
第二種情況:APP 編譯時設置宏定義 XIP_BOOT_HEADER_ENABLE=1,編譯的程序將包含 flash_config 和 ivt 段。
jump_to_application 函數的實現思路是:
- 對 SCB->VTOR 重新賦值為跳轉的 APP 代碼的起始地址,即 APP 的中斷向量表的起始地址。
- AppAddr = *(uint32_t*)app_start_address; 取得中斷向量表起始地址的前 4 字節數據賦值給 AppAddr,即棧頂的地址。
- __set_MSP(AppAddr); 設置 MSP 指向棧頂。
- AppAddr = *(uint32_t*)(app_start_address + 4); 使得 AppAddr 賦值為第二個 4 字節的數據,即 ResetHandler 的地址。
- JumpToApp = (pFunc)AppAddr; 將 AppAddr 強制轉化為函數指針類型 pFunc,並賦值給函數指針 JumpToApp。
- JumpToApp(); 通過調用函數指針,將使得 PC 指針指向 AppAddr,實現程序跳轉到 APP 的 ResetHandler 執行。
主函數如下:
/*!
* @brief Main function
*/
int main(void)
{
char ch;
/* Init board hardware. */
BOARD_ConfigMPU();
BOARD_InitBootPins();
BOARD_InitBootClocks();
BOARD_InitDebugConsole();
/* Just enable the trace clock, leave coresight initialization to IDE debugger */
SystemCoreClockUpdate();
CLOCK_EnableClock(kCLOCK_Trace);
PRINTF("hello world.\r\n");
PRINTF("0x = %x\r\n",_aclwip_ping_bm[0]);
flespi_test();
jump_to_application(APP_ADDR);
while (1)
{
}
}
6. 附錄
- IMXRT1020RM.pdf,鏈接:
- C83140_NOR+FLASH_W25Q64JVSSIQ_規格書_WINBOND(華邦)NOR+FLASH規格書,鏈接:
評論